Carburetor



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E. F. EERNETHY ET AL CARBURETOR Filed Feb. l5 1918 2 Sneets-5hee l f/ 75 Vf I' l n. /f T q WITNESS:

' Nm @9 192@ www@ -E.F.ABERNETHY HTL CARBURETOR Filed Feb. l5. 191,8 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 y v I #-32252Y i 1 lgjg 'VM .3 a/ ,37 f /f I z5 K r A-H I L a, l 1|` @Yagi fz i` I Ut y K W y l l Patented Nev. 9, i926.

taten EDWN F. ABERNETHY AND vtIlEORGrE H. ABERNETHY, F ABROQKLYN,` NEW YORK; MARGARET E. ALBERNETHY ADMINISTRATRIX 0F SAIDv EDWlll F. ABERNETHY,

l DECEASED cansunnron.

l Application led February 15, 1918. Serial 'Nof 217,315.

This invention is a carburetor or mixer for use in connection with internal combustion engines. 'l

Among other purposes, the invention has for its objects, first, to provide, 1n connection with an automatically#operated`l suction-clement, certain means adapted to vary thequantity of liquid combustible adapted to be admitted upon each opening movement or stroke of saidl suction-element, said liquidvarying means being operable manually and at a-period when the suction-operated element is in motion, whereby the desired ad justment or operation is or may be eHected Without stopping the movement'J of the arts; second, tospread or diffuse the liqui combustiblein the pathof the intlowing air in such manner that the liquid will become absorbed in or taken up by the air and result 20 in the production of a vapor the properties of which are such, owing to the combination of the oxygen present in the air with the carbon and other agents contained in the liquid, as to attain a desired perfect combustion in the engine cylinders; third, to effeet a prompt flow ofthe liquid combustible to the mixer or carburetor and to insure al full and free supply of the liquid thereto; and, fourth, to so organize the elements of they apparatus as to produce asimple, compact, eflicient and economical device.

One part of the invention consists in the combination with a relatively fixed tubularI member provided with a series of liquid';

ports, of asecond tubular member` like- Wise provided with a series of liquid ports, and means for imparting arotative movement to the second tubular member in order to eifecta variation in the area of the 40 ports through which the liquid combustible is adapted to fiovv, which variation in the fixed member` so as to open, more or less, of' said liquid eduction ports proportionately to the speed of the engine, a needle valve arranged to occupy said seat and to shut 0E the iiow of liquid combustible togsaid ports, a i

spring cooperating with the needle valve and the reciprocatory tubular member so as to retain the same under yielding pressure, means operable at Will for effecting a variation in the spring action, and a suction member carried .by the reciprocatory tubular member for imparting movement to the latter and to the needle valve when the engine 1s 1n service, said suction member being preferably 1n the form of a disk subjected to light spring tension opposed to the flow of air through the main lchamber of the carburetor or mixer.

Another feature of the invention consists of means preferably in the form of an air chamber connectedwith the line of liquid W53 feed, for insuring an ample dow at all times of the liquid combustible to the carburetor. It Willbe appreciated by those skilled in the art that in carburetors of this type the iiow of the liquid combustible is more or less intermittent, being controllable by the opening and closing of the eduction ports', which operations recur rapidly, dependent upon the speed of the engine; and, further, that the inertia of the liquid column interferes to kan appreciable extent with the desired full and ample supply of such liquid to the carburetor, particularly in cases Where the fuel tank is remote to the carburetor so as to make it necessary to employ a feed pipe of conslderable length, Which feed pipe is usually of small diameter so that considerable friction is encountered by the contact of the liquid column. With the interior surface of said pipe. flo overcome these objections, We

l employ means overcoming the inertia ofthe liquid column Withinv the feed line, said means operating to exert pressure upon the liquid forieeding the latter with a constant flow to the carburetor, regardless of the intermittent opening and closing of the eduction port. Said means is embodied in the form of an air chamber positioned in close proximity to the carburetor and extending upwardly from the feed line so that the liquid combustible, owing to the head given to it While flowing from the tank to the carburetor, is free to rise Within theair ius chamber and will operate to compress air therein, which confined air serves the functions of a cushion in checking the tendency of the liquid to flow intermittently and the pressure of which confinedA air upon the liquid stream secures theimportant function of anample supply of liquid combustible to the carburetor under all conditions of service.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be pointed out in the annexed description taken in connection with the drawings, wherein two constructional forms of the invention are illustrated.

Fig. .1 is a vertical sectional elevationstruction of Figs. 1 and 2, the device embodies a casing 10 provided with a suction connection 11 and an air inlet connection 12,

said connections 11, 12 being adapted for communication with an air chamber 13 provided by casing 10. Suitable means are employed for attaching the suction connection 11 to an engine or motor either directly or indirectly, and in this connection is posi tioned a throttle valve 14 operated in any suitable way, as by an arm 15. The air inlet nipple 12 is shown as depending from the casing 10, the same being normally open to atmosphere, but if desired a throttle valve 16 may be used in connection with the nipple 12 for closing said air inlet more or less, as mayv be desired, said throttle 16 being operable by suitable means, as by the arm 17. A liquid combustible is supplied to the device by a pipe line,0ne member of which is indicated at 18, said pipe line member 18 having a nipple 19 to which is connected the pipe line 20. The member 18 extends into,

the chamber 13 of the device, and said member is formed with an upstanding tubular member 21, the latter beingpositioned axially within the chamber 13 and occupying a relatively fixed position therein, whereby air admitted to chamber 13 is free to fiow all around the ltubular member 21. Said tubular member 21 is provided interiorly with a valve seat 22, and above said valve seat the member 21 is shown as having a number of series of ports 23, 24, 25, 26, said ports being positioned radially in the tubular member, as shown in Fig. 2, whereby the y the number of series of ports, may be varied as desired.

With the tubular member 21 cooperates a second tubular member 27, the latter heiligl provided with a number of series of ports 28, 29, 30, 31, corresponding in numbert the ports of the member 21.

In one position of member 27 relatively to fixed member '21, all the ports 28 to 31 are out of register with the corresponding ports v23 to 26 of said fixed member 21, thus closing the outlet by which theliquid combustible is fed to the chamber 13; but the outlet i may be opened, and the area of the outlet regulated, by a partial rotative movement of member 27 relatively to member 21, which partial rotative movementAis capable `of` variation by a nicety of adjustment characterizing our invention and, further, by the factthat such adjustment may be effected with the greatest ease while the engine is runningl and during the operation of the moving parts of the carburetor. The rotative member 27 is adapted t0 be turned a given angular distance so as to bring' the ports 28 to 31 into full register with the ports 23 to 26 of member 21, so` as to obtain a wide opening of the liquid outlet and secure a maximum feed of the liquid combustible to the chamber 13; but it is apparentthat said member 27 may also be rotated for a lesser yangular distance so as to bring its ports 28 to 31 only partially into register with ports 23 to 26, thus cutting down thel area of the liquid outlet; and, furthermore, this partial register of the ports in one member with the ports in the other member may be further controlled by the nicety in the rotative adjustment vof the member 27, whereby the desired variation is obtained in the area of the liquid outlet in order to obtain the necessary regulation in the feed of liquid combustible to the air chamber 13.' It is preferred to impart rotative movement to member 27 to effect the variation in themovement to the tubular member 27, and as" shown' said operating means is in the form of a lever 33 attached to a protruding end portion of rockshaft 31, said operatingr lever being provided with a locking stud 34 adapted for engagement with the casing l0 so as to preclude accidental movement of the within the fixed tubular member 21.

member 27 is in theorm of a sleeve fitting i snugly and accurately to member 21, the lower part of the sleeve 27 having a step bearing atY 35 upon the fixed horizontal pipe line member 18. Said member 27 is provided with a spider 36 shown in Fig. 1 consisting of a series of arms extending radially from the upper portion of the member. In addition to` the spider and the series of ports, the tubular member 27 carries a liquid di'using member 37, shown as a disk interal with said member. The diffusing disk 1s positioned on the member below the ports therein so that liquid combustible flowing out of the ports will spread over the member 37 and be thereby diffused into the path of the air flowing through chamber 13.

38 is a third tubular member, the same being in the form of a tube or sleeve sliding ing movement is given to the third member or sleeve by the suction operated member or disk 44, said sleeve 38 operating as an internal valve in opening yand closing the ports 23 to 26 of member 21 proportionately to the speed of the engine and the air flowing through chamber 13. The wall of the sleeve at the lower part thereof is imperforate and said sleeve is fitted accurately withinthe tubular member 21 so as to slide relatively to the ports 23 to 26, thus performing the functions of a valve in closing said ports when the sleeve is lowered and in opening said ports, more or less when the. sleeve is raised, the degree of such elevation being dependent upon the speed of the engine.

Said reciprocating sleeve carries a needle valve 40, the upper part of which is enlarged to produce a head 41 which rests upon the shoulder 39 so that the needle valve is conl nected with the internal hsleeve 38 for reciprocation therewith. The needle valve is slidable relatively to the internal tube and saidy valve is yunder the pressure of acoiled spring 42, the latter being encased within the tube 38 and movable with said tube and theneedle valve. Said spring 42 is seated against the lower end of a s tcm 43, the latter being screwed into the upper part of the sleeve 38, said stem 43 extending through and protruding beyond the upper part ofthe sleeve 38.

The internal tube 38 and the needle valve are moved up and down by the suction from the engine, the air flowing through chamber 13 acting against the suction operated member 44,` herein shown as a disk having a hub 45 which is screwed upon an externally threaded upper portion of the internal tube 38, whereby the disk 44 and the` tube 38 are connected rigidly for movement one with the other. Said disk 44 is adjustable upon the Slidinternal tube by screwing it on the thread,

but displacement of the disk with res ect to the tube is precluded by a screw 44a w `ch passes through a headed part 44b of said tube 38 and is'received within one of a series of openings tapped in the hub 45 of the disk, whereby the screw can be unseated to permit adjustment of the disk, after which the screw y is replaced for locking the disk against rotative movement upon the tube. The dia1neter of the said disk 44 is a trifle less than the diameter of the chamber 13 so that the d isk is positioned directly in the path of the air flowing through the chamber 13 and into the suction connection 11. The parts 38, 44 and 40 are adapted to descend by gravity in order to seat the needle valve within the liquid inlet aflordedwby the member 18, vbut in order to' increase the sensitiveness in the action of the specified parts it is preferred to use a light coiled spring 46, the lower end portion of which is seated upon the disk 44 so as to press it downwardly toward its seat afforded by the upper end portion of the casing 10 lor upon the spider 36. The upper part of the Casing 1Q is elosedby` a head 47 shown ashaving a stud 48 affording a means fonengagement with the upper part of the sprlng 46.said head 47 being removable at will in order to obtain access to the internal working parts of the device.

The inlet connection 12 opens directly into the chamber 13, but it is preferred to use an air disk 49 between Asaid chamber 13 and the connection 12. This air disk is shown as having a tubular guide 5() which is fitted for free slidingmovement upon the lower portion of the tubular member 27, and upon the under side of the air disk 49 is a packing 51 composed of any suitable material. rll`he disk finds a seat on a shoulder 52 extending inwardly of the casing 10, said disk being normally pressed to its seat by the action of a spring 53 loosely coiled around the lower part of the tubular member 27 and finding a bearing against the diffusing disk 37. The suction from the engine induces the flow of air through the connection 12, chamber 13 and connection 11. the inflowing air pressing upwardly on the disk `49. and the suction-op* erated disk 44. but when thewdisk 49isclosed so y by the spring'53, the packing 5170i said disk 49 is pressed against the seatf52, thus p-re-' cluding leakage of any liquid combustible which may flow over the diffusing disk 37 .y

lt becomes important at times to prime the mixer, and in this device priming is accomplishcd by operating. a priming stem 54` which is slidablv fitted in a bearing 55 of4A I 7 line 20 in close proximity to the carburetor or the intake member 19 thereof. This chamber has free communication with the liquid passage in the feed line 20, so that the liquid fuel is free to rise within the chamber; and in view of the fact that the liquid fuel is undera certain head7 or pressure as it' flows from thetank to the carburetor, the

lrise of the fuel within the chamber 58 compresses the air confined in said chamber bev tween the closed head 59 and the level of the liquid column. A quantity of the liquid fuelis thus held in reserve adjacent to the ,Y carburetor and within the air chamber, but

the efficiency of the liquid feed is increased,

andv to a material extentby the pressurel upon lthe liquid column of the air confined vvwithin the chamber, whichl confined air acts also as a cushion to the liquid fuel, as a. means for checking the tendency of the liquid to pulsate owing to the intermittent opening and closing of the intake to the carburetor, and as a medium for exerting pressure upon the liquid in a manner to feed the same continuously (instead of intermittently) to the carburetor.

The embodiment of the invention rillustrated in Fig. 3 is similar in many respects to the device heretofore described and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but in said Fig. 3 the liquid combustible is fed through a supply chamber positioned upon the casing 10. Withinthe chamber 13 of this casing is the relatively fixed tube 21 having an internal valve seat 22 and a series of ports 23 to 26, inclusive. Fitted snugly upon the tube 21 is the outer tube 27 provided with theports 28 to 31 inclusive, and thisouter tube carries the diifusing disk 37 and is provided-with a vcrank arm 29a with which is connected the crank 30a operated by the lever 33, all as 4heretofore described. Reciprocating within the fixed tubular member 21 is the internal tube 38 provided at its lower portion with the suction-operated disk 44, the latter being shown as having a packing 61 on the upper face, which packing 61 is adapted to ,con-,

tact with a seat afforded by an internal flange 62 of the casing 10. The packing 61 is in contact also with the spider 36 when the disk 44 is pressed'to its seated position by a spring 63, the lower part of which restsl upon the removable cap 64. The casing 10 is provided with a suction connection 11 having the throttle 14, and air is supplied to the chamber 13 by a connection 12 provided with the throttle 16. The reciprocating tube 38 carries the needle valve 40 which is pressed to its seat 22 by a spring 42, and Vcooperating with this spring is an adjusting stem 43 packing 61 of the suction disk 44, so that said liquid combustible escapes from the chamber 13 into the lower part of the mixer. Such escaping fluid is caught by a wire gauze cage 66, encased lwithin the lower chamber of the casing 10 and positioned in the path l,

of the flow of air from the connection 12,..y

chamber 13and connection 1l. The device may be primed by the operation of a priming element shown as a rocking pin 67, having an angular end 68 held free from contact with the disk 44 by a coiled spring 69. The chamber 60 is supplied with the liquid combustible through a pipe 70,y the lower part of which is att-ached -to a nipple 71 having an internal valve seat 72. Within the chamber 60 operates a float 73 provided with a needle valveV 74 adapted to occupy the seat 72 so that when the chamber 60 is iilled with liquid .combustible to a desired level the valve 74 occupies'the seat 72 and thus shuts off the further inflow of liquid combustible from the pipe 70 into chamber 60, but when the liquid combustible drops below a predetermined level in the chamber 66, then the float 7 3 descends and opens the valve 74, thus establishing a further liow of liquid combustible to the chamber until the desired level of liquid combustible therein is restored.v

y with the carbureted vapor for the primar y purpose of increasing the volume thereo and said Fig. 1 illustrates, also, means such as a three-way cock 84 for feeding diiierent kinds of liquid combustible such as gasoline and kerosene to the concentric tubular members of the carburetor or mixer in order to render such different liquids available for use in connection with air to produce the vapor required in the operation of the motor.

The head 47 of casing 1O is shown as having a threaded socket 75, into which is screwed a valve member 76, the bottom wall of said socket 75 being "ovided witha'n aperture 77 which affords aasinlet port and a seat for a needle valve l78. Said valve member 76 is provided intermediate its 'ends with a feed pipe 79 and with an internal shoulder 80, the latter being formed with a lao member 76 and provided on its upper end with a knob or wheel 82 whereby the valve 81 is rendered adjustable manually for regulatinff the feed of the fluid supplied through pipe t9. The other needle valve 78 is operated automatically whereas valve 81 is manually controllable, such automatic action of valve 78 being brought about by a spring 83 and by so'locating the lower end of valve 78 that it is in the path of' or in contact with the head or end of stem 43, whereby the lifting movement of suction operated member 44 and stem 43 raises the valve 78 to unseat it and admit the fluid through port 77, whereas the spring 83 presses valve 78 to its seat and closes port 7 7 upon the downward movement 'of members 43, 44.

It may be stated that it is preferred to feed a li uid, such as water, through pipe 79 and port 7, the liquid so supplied being regulated by valve 81 so as to feed relatively small quantities to the chamber 13 for admixture with the vapor and the periods of such inlet or feed being intermittent and controllable by valve 78 actuated by the movementof parts 43, 44 which act-also to open and close the combustible feed valve 40. Experience shows that water, when automatically supplied in small quantities, mixes with the vapor and is carried into the engine valve chests and cylinders so as to become vaporized by contact with the hot surfaces of the engine, as a result of which the additional vapor thus supplied increases the volume of the mixture and eects a saving in the quantity of the liquid combustible, thus attaining economy of fuel; but in this connection it is to be noted that the additional liquid and resulting vapor secures, another and important4 function, i. e. the reduction to a marked degree or the substantial elimination of carbon from the valve chests and` cylinders of the engine, which is due, probably, to the presence of hydrogen in the mixture.

' The feed pipe 20 is shown as having la three-way cock 84 towhich are attached pipes for feeding different liquid ycombustibles such as gasoline and kerosene.y In one position, the cock may be closed-for cutting @if the feed; in a second position, one port of said cock is open for gasoline to feed when valve 40 is opened so as to furnish the energy required for starting and operating the engine, whereas in the third position the feed of gasoline isshut ed and the port for the inlet of kerosene is opened, thus making kerosene available as the fuel when the ensame, and in addition thereto such steam precludes the formation of incandescentv sparks from the carbon which are liable to create precombustion of the ignitible charges of combustible vapor.

In addition to performing the functions of precluding the escape from the air chamber of the liquid combustible, and of a means for diffusing said combustible inthe path of the air, the member 49 serves another iniportant function, i. e. as a check valve to preclude a backfire from the ergine through' the intake manifold. It will be noted that said valve member is positie ed to close the air intake to the chamber l and that it is normally held in a closed position by gravity or under light spring tension, so that should an ignited gaseous charge` escape from the engine or create a backfire, such ignited fuel cannot escape through the air chamber or the inlet thereto, thus overcoming the possibility of setting fire to accumulations of oil or grease at the basevof the engine.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. In a device of the class described, the combination of a relatively fixed tubular memberprovided with ports, a second tubular member provided with erts, said second tubular member being free from fixed` engagement with the relatively xed member and said second tubular member being shiftable at will with respect to said fixed member, suction operated means for admitting and shutting off the feed of fuel to the ports of said tubular members, and a man- -ual operating device independent of said suction-operated means for shifting the sec- 05 ond tubular member relatively to the firstv tubular member whereby the areaof the ports may be manually controlled independently of the motion of the suction-operated means.

2. In a device of the class described, the combination of a relatively fixed tubular member provided with a plurality of series of ports, a second tubular member provided Wi-th a plurality of series of ports', saidsecond tubular member being positioned in lsuch relation to the first tubular member means, whereby the second tubular member may be shifted at will withrespect to the first tubular member so as to var the number of ports in register and there y increase or decrease the area of the fuel inlet irre- .spectiveof the motion of the engine-operated means.

3. In a device of the class described, the

v combination with a relatively-fixed tubular means .member rotative movement with respect to member provided with ports, a second tubular member free from` fixed engagement with the relatively fixed member and said second tubular member being rotatablel with respect to said fixed member, said second tubular member being provided Awith lports, suction-operated means for closing the feed of a liguid combustible to said ports, and

or imparting to said second tubularvspring actuated needle valve carried by said reciprocatory valve member for movement therewith, said needle valve being movable relatively to the valve member and independently thereof as said needle valve approaches its seat provided in a fuel inlet to open and close the latter separately from the opening and closing of the ports by the valve member, a suction-operated disk for imparting movement to said reciprocatory member, and means independent of the reciprocatory member and said disk and operable independently of the action thereof for imparting to one of said tubular members rotative movement with respect to the other i of said tubular members and thereby tc vary the registration of the ports between said members and to vary the area ofthe liquid inlet afforded b said registering ports of the tubular mem ers.

5. In a device ofthe class described, the combination of a plurality of concentric tubular members each provided with a plurality of ports, a reciprocatory valve member positioned within said tubular members, a needle valve movable with said reciprocatorymember, said needle valve operating to shut off the inflow through a fuel inlet ofthe fuel to be supplied through said ports, a spring acting against said needle valve whereby said needle valve when seated is adapted to yield to the further movement of the reciprocatory member, engine operated means for impartin movement to said reciprocatory valve mem er, and a septubular member within said chamber, said tubular member being provided intermediate its ends with fuel ports, a diffusing member supported by said tubular member below and adjacent to the fuel ports thereof, and a bodily movable disk slidably fitted onv the tubular member and movable relatively to the air inlet to said chamber, the

diameter of said disk exceeding the diameter of the diffusing member and said disk being movable under air pressure relatively to said diffusing member.

7. A carburetor embodying va chamber provided with an air inlet, a tubular member extending upwardly from said air inlet and within saidchamber, said tubular member being provided intermediate its endsl with fuel ports, a didusing member` supported on the tubular member and positioned below the fuel ports adjacent thereto, a disk slidably fitted on the tubular member and below the diffusing member, the diameter of said disk exceeding the diameter of the diusing member and said disk being movable by the flow of air through the chamber relatively to the diffusing member, and means acting'on the disk for seating the latter to close the air inlet to said chamber.

8. A carburetor embodying a chamber provided at its bottom with an air inlet, a tubular member within said chamber and extending upwardly from the air inlet thereto, said tubular. member having fuel ports, a diffusing member supported by said tubular member below the fuel diameter of said diffusing mem er being less than the diameter of the air inlet to said chamber, a disk fitted slidably on the tubular member and positioned below the diffusing member, the diameter of said disk exceeding the diameter of the air inlet and said disk being movable relatively to the diffusing member by the fiow of air through said airlinlet. l

9. A carburetor 4embodying va chamber provided at its bottom with an air inlet, a tubular member within said chamber'and extending upwardly from the air inlet thereto, said tubular member having fuel ports, a didusing member supported by said tubular member below the fuel ports, a diskI fitted on the tubular member for sliding movement relatively to thetubular member -and the diffusing member, said disk being actuated by the flow of air through said air inlet to the chamber, said disk provided with a facing of relatively soft material on the under surface thereof, said disk and its facing being seated-upon the bottom of said orts, the

chamber for cutting off the outow of surplus fuel adapted to be spread Within the chamber by the diffusing member, and a spring acting on the disk for seating the latter upon the cessation of air llow through said air inlet.

10. A carburetor embodying a chamber provided at-its respective ends with an air inlet and a mixture outlet, a tubular member extending Within said chamber between said air inlet and the mixture outlet, said tubular member being provided intermediate its ends with a .fue1 inlet toY said chamber, a reciprocatory valve slidable Within said tubular member for controlling the How of fuel through said ports, an air disk attached to the reciprocatory valve member and positioned across the mixture outlet from said chamber, and a second air disk slidably {itted on the tubular member and positioned across the air inlet to said chamber. said first air disk and the second air disk bei. ope/rable by the flow of air through said chamber. y

In testimony whereof We have hereunto 25 

